Soybean seeding rate and seed treatment that maximize yield and profitability based on planting date

Warmer spring temperatures and a growing body of literature on the importance timely planting have resulted in many growers Michigan other northern U.S. states soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. However, there is limited research informing how management practices should be adjusted based date (PD). Field experiments were conducted at two locations using split-plot design during 2018 2019 seasons to determine seeding rate (SR; 124,000 519,000 seeds ha?1) seed treatment (ST; fungicide + insecticide nematicide) impact yield net returns PD. Soybean was planted five SRs with or without an ST (split-plot) four PDs (main-plot). The use increased plant stand by 6.7% one location but did not improve either regardless cost associated lack increase US$25 ha?1 decrease returns. Maximum achieved final 242,000, 288,000, 307,000, 384,000 plants late April, mid-May, early June, June PDs, respectively. population achieve maximum ranged from 89,000 141,000 less than that maximized yield. Overall, results indicated across any PD, relatively lower able season planting, necessary when delayed.